Essay on IRP Notes Package Allusion, Symbolism, and Motifs

Allusion Coetzee alludes often in his writing to literature, historical events and figures, classical mythology and pop culture. These allusions often hold a great deal of sub-textual information. The following is an analysis of two of the more significant allusions. The youngest member of the trio of thieves that steal from the Luries and rape Lucy is named Pollux. This is likely an allusion to the Greek myth, Castor and Pollux. Castor and Pollux are half-brothers. Their myth involves in part the kidnapping and rape of the Leucippides, Phoebe and Hilaeira, who become pregnant as a result of the rapes. This aspect of the myth is very similar to the plotline of Disgrace as Lucy (note the phonetic similarity between Lucy and Leucippides)†¦show more content†¦In this scenario, Teresa symbolizes Melanie. However, later on in the novel Lurie changes the premise of his show, making it instead about a â€Å"Teresa in middle age† (181). The description of this older Teresa as a â€Å"dumpy† woman with a â€Å"heavy bust† and â€Å"stocky trunk† is quite similar to the first description we get of Bev Shaw as a â€Å"dumpy, bustling little woman with black freckles, close-cropped, wiry hair, and no neck.† (72 ). As the change in Teresa’s character occurs after Bev and Lurie sleep together, the older Teresa likely symbolizes Bev Shaw. Symbolism Lurie’s relationship with Melanie symbolizes the relationship between colonists and Indigenous people. As I stated in my response to question 3, the relationship between Lurie and Melanie was exploitative as it involved one party benefitting as a result of the suffering of the other. This is also true of colonialism. The colonists benefit by exploiting the natural resources and Indigenous people of the land they are colonizing. When questioned by the member of the press, Lurie states that he was â€Å"enriched by the experience† (56) of being in a relationship with Melanie. The fact that Melanie pressed charges against him indicates that she does not feel â€Å"enriched† in a similar way. This again is reminiscent of the colonist/Indigenous relationship in that colonists are

Causes and Effect of Pollution in Our Environment

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the overview of the topic about the causes and effects of air pollution to our environment. The term air pollution is a mixture of natural and manmade substances in the air we breath such as fine particles produced by the burning of fossils fuel ground level ozone, which is a reactive form of oxygen that is a primary component of urban smog and noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and chemical vapors. The health effects of air pollution have been reported in research studies over the past 30 years. These effects include respiratory diseases such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases changes in lung development in children. What pollutants affect air quality?†¦show more content†¦Nitrogen oxides from automobile exhaust are controlled by recirculation exhaust gas diluting the air to fuel mixture being burned in the engine. Delusion reduces the temperatures of combustion and decrease the oxygen concentration in the burning mixtures, resulting in the production of fewer nitrogen oxides. Unfortunately the same process increase hydrocarbons emissions. Nevertheless, exhaust the circulation the reduce nitrogen oxide emissions has been common practice in the United States for more than 20 years. C. POLLUTION CONTROL: SULFUR DIOXIDE Sulfur dioxide emissions can be reducing through basic measures performed before, during or after combustion. Technology to clean up coal so it will burn more cleanly is already available. Although the cause of removing sulfur mix fuel more expensive, the expense must be balanced against the long term consequences of burning sulfur- rich coal. Changing from high- sulfur coal low sulfur coal seems solution to reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide. In some regions, this change will work. 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Research on Dribbling and Passing Free Essays

Research on Dribbling and Passing Submitted By: Andro Joseph Dela Cruz Basketball dribbling skills Basketball dribbling skills are something that you have to work at to obtain, maintain and improve. Most everyone knows how to dribble a basketball, but not everyone can dribble like a pro. When you first begin to learn dribbling techniques you will learn that you don’t dribble with the palm of your hand, dribbling a basketball is done with the tips of your fingers. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on Dribbling and Passing or any similar topic only for you Order Now You will use your forearm and wrist to balance the ball as you learn to dribble with using the tips of your fingers. Your coach will usually put together a different basketball practice plan for the team each practice. This will assist each player individually and as a unit to improve both their individual and team skills. Don’t just stop with scheduled practices if you truly want to improve your skills and control on the court. On your own you can start by running dribbling drills. Remember to keep your weight on the balls of your feet and in the ready position. As you continue to learn and improve your foot and dribbling control on the court as an individual player, you will begin to show your improved skills as a team player. Your team members may also want to run drills with you after practice, or just play for fun. These are other ways for you to learn potential opposing team types of moves and learn different offensive techniques. A team works together toward the goal of winning, but they also work together offensively to help prepare each other for what the opposing team may be bringing to the court. Protect the Ball When dribbling against a defender, ALWAYS protect the ball with your body. You can do this by dribbling with your left hand when you are going left and your right hand when you are going right. This will force the defender to reach across your body to attempt a steal. Developing your â€Å"off† hand It is important to work right from the start at developing both hand equally well. When practicing your ball handling, make sure that you practice at least as much with your weak hand as you do your strong hand, eventually increasing to twice as much with your weak hand. Coaches like†¦ Coaches like a person who: 1) can dribble with both hands 2) doesn? t try to show off for no reason 3) isn? t afraid to make the extra pass to get a teammate more open than you are. And if coaches like you, then they tell other coaches. Word spreads very quickly and just by doing the little things you can have a name for yourself in no time. Keep Your Head Up When doing all drills involving dribbling, it is extremely important that you keep your head up. You must be able to see where you are going and where your teammates are so you can pass them the ball when they are open. Speed Dribble The speed dribble is used to advance the ball quickly up the floor, against little or no defensive pressure. The dribblers hand should be behind the ball pushing it in front, then running to catch up. This prevents a â€Å"palming† or â€Å"carrying over† violation. The speed dribble in the open floor can be a little higher than other dribbles. Control dribble moves should be around the knee, but a speed dribble can be waist high. Power dribbling-Dirt dribbling This drill actually requires you to leave the basketball court and find a patch of dirt. Do a Power dribble on the dirt for 1 or 2 minutes. You will need to power dribble the ball even harder than usual in order to get the ball to bounce on the dirt. This drill is an extremely good arm workout with power dribbling. Dribbling to avoid pressure By dribbling the ball over half court on the sideline, you are giving the defense an advantage. They can set up their help side defense or trap you. Change directions and it helps relieve some pressure. As often as possible, bring the ball up the middle of the court and NEVER pick up your dribble in the corners. Passing 1)  Two-Handed Chest Pass Overview This is the most effective and efficient pass you can use. It can be used successfully from anywhere on the court. Use this pass whenever possible because it’s the fastest way to advance the ball to teammates. Fundamentals Place each hand on either side of the ball and spread the fingers evenly. Fully extend your arms as you push the ball out from your chest and snap your wrists outward so that the back of your hands are now facing each other. You’ll get a good rotation on the ball when you snap your wrists. This makes the ball easier to handle for the receiver. Be sure the pass is thrown crisply with the ball remaining parallel with the floor. You want the pass to arrive at your receiver above the waist and below the shoulders. 2)  Two-Handed Bounce Pass Overview This type of pass is good on the fast break, to a teammate in the post, under a defender, to a teammate making a back-door cut, on out-of-bounds plays, etc. A lot of times, players will make a shot or high-pass fake before making the bounce pass. The bounce pass is the slowest pass available. Fundamentals Use the same grip and motion with this basketball pass as you did with the chest pass. The ball should hit the floor about two-thirds of the way to the receiver. To be more accurate, step toward that spot. You want to hit your teammate between the knees and waist. A backspin is good to use to give the receiver a longer lead. Push the thumbs throught the ball to achieve the backspin. A forward spin can be used to get the ball through a narrow opening and to produce a quicker pass. You’ll need to be more accurate when using a forward spin but if you can perfect it, it will add more to your game. 3)  Two-Handed Overhead Pass Overview This is an effective basketball passing option for every player on the court. Players often use it to start a fast break, forwards will use it to hit post players or guards cutting off the post, guards use it to hit the post, centers and players receiving high passes use it to make a quick return pass or pass off. This type of pass is easy to control and helps you keep the ball away from your defender. Fundamentals Position your hands on the sides of the ball with your fingers pointed up. Your thumbs should be on the back of the ball and pointing in toward one another. Bring the ball up above your head (be sure your hands go straight up, not up and back over your head). Release the ball with a quick snap of your wrists and fingers like on a chest pass. It’s usually good to make a slight step forward with the foot of your strong arm side. 4)  Push Pass Overview This pass is used most often to advance the ball down the floor in order to set up the offense or to get the ball through or past a close-guarding defender (usually to a cutter). The bounce pass version is good for passes to a cutter on fast breaks or reverses, many out-of-bounds plays, to a post player or to pass under a defender. Fundamentals Hold ball chest high. Spread your fingers on each side with thumbs directly behind, but a bit toward the top of the ball and pointing toward one another. Keep elbows close in. The force of the ball is provided with a quick snap of your wrist, fingers and elbows. You should move forward with your body crouched a bit. Step forward with your passing-hand-side foot and push off with your non-passing-hand-side foot. You can use a direct or bounce pass. Direct pass should reach receiver between the waist and shoulders and bounce pass should hit the floor about two thirds of the way to receiver and arrive between the knees and waist. )  Off-the-Dribble Pass One of the quickest basketball passing options because there’s really no set-up with it. As you’re dribbling, instead of bouncing the ball back to the floor for another dribble, move your hand behind the ball and push it towards a teammate as a pass. It’s hard for defenders to steal this one because they’re expecting a dribble in stead of the pass. 6)  Baseball Pass Effective for long passes to a cutter or to inbound the ball quickly after allowing a score. Place the ball high above the side of your head with the passing hand behind the ball while the other hand is in front of and slightly under the ball. Be sure the fingers of each hand are pointed upward and your thumbs are pointing inward over your head. Plant your rear foot and step toward the receiver with your front foot. Try to keep both hands on the ball as long as possible and throw the ball with a quick wrist snap and arm thrust. As you follow through, snap your wrist straight down so the ball doesn’t curve on you. 7)  Behind-the-Back Pass A basketball passing technique that can work wonders when done well or end up terrible if done wrong or carelessly. So make sure you practice this one to perfection and only use it when the situation warrants it. This pass can be used off the dribble, standing still or while moving toward the basket and is used often with two-on-one fast breaks. If you can deliver this pass correctly, it will be very difficult for your opponent to defend. Cup the ball in your hand. Swing your arm behind your back with the elbow bent, fingers pointed down and your thumb pointed toward your back. Release the ball with a whip of your arm and a quick wrist and finger snap How to cite Research on Dribbling and Passing, Essays

Lincoln Essay Example For Students

Lincoln Essay Abraham Lincoln, Honest Abe, is one of the greatest American Presidents. He is known today for his Presidency in which he fought the Confederacy duringthe Civil War and abolished slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation and laterthe Thirteenth Amendment. He was an intelligent, honest, and just leader whogoverned at a critical time in American history. PRE-PRESIDENCY Lincoln was bornon the twelfth of February 1809 in a cabin three miles outside of Hodgenville,Kentucky. He was later forced to move to Indiana. As a child Lincoln worked onhis familys farm clearing fields and tending crops. He liked to read butunfortunately received hardly any formal education. In fact, his entireschooling only amounted to about one year of attendance. (Brit. 23) In 1830Lincolns family moved to Illinois. Lincoln didnt want to be a farmer, sohe tried other professions: rail-splitter, flatboat man, storekeeper,postmaster, surveyor, an army man, and a profession in Law. In 1932 Lincoln, attwenty-three years old, decided to run for the Illinois State legislature. Lincoln was to campaign for local improvements such as better roads and canals. However, a war with the Indians broke out before Lincolns campaign could getgoing. In response, he joined the Army. After his short wartime, Lincolnreturned to politics and lost the race of Illinois Legislature. In 1834 he ranagain and was elected- second of thirteen. At the age of 25 Lincoln was a memberof the Illinois Legislature. After his term in the legislature, Lincoln found heneeded more money. So, he started studying law on his own. He accepted a job inSpringfield at John Todd Stuarts practice. In the late 1830s Lincoln foundthe love of his life, Mary Ann Todd, the daughter of a rich banker. She gotengaged to Abe in 1840 and the two were married in 1842. They had thee childrentogether, Willie and Tad Lincoln. In 1946 Lincoln won the Whig nomination for aseat in the House of Representatives for Illinois and sat in Congress in 1847. The major issues of the time were the Mexican-American war, which Lincolnopposed, and slavery. Lincoln was not an anti-slavery crusader. However, he didvote in Congress to stop it from spreading. Morally, Lincoln hated slavery andsaid slaver was founded on both injustice and bad policy. He wanted toabolish slavery over time because he thought dramatic actions to end slaverywould lead to violence. Lincoln felt that Congress should not interfere withslavery in states in which it already existed. After his term in Congress,Lincoln left politics again for a full time law practice. In the early 1850sSenator Stephen Douglas opened the issue of slavery in the territories of Kansasand Nebraska. In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska act, allowing theissue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska to be decided by popular sovereignty. Lincoln was thunderstruck and stunned. This act brought him back intopolitics. He felt obligated to speak out against the Kansas-Nebraska act. So,after Lincoln left law he traveled across Illinois campaigning for anti-slaveryWhigs. In his campaigning Lincoln called slavery a cancer and amonstrous injustice. He said he believed in the Declaration ofIndependence, which states all men are created equal. However, he wasntsure of what to do with slavery in the states where it already existed in. In1856, Lincoln switched from the Whig Party to the Republican Party because theWhigs were weak and could never unite against slavery. Lincoln felt that if hewanted to make a point he would have to be with a strong party. In 1858, Lincolnwon the Republican Nomination for the Illinois Senate seat. He wanted the seatof his long time rival, Senator Stephen Douglas. In Lincolns first speech forhis Senate campaign Lincoln said, I believe this government cannot endure,permanently, half slave and half fr ee. Lincoln warned his opponents that thespread of slavery must be stopped or else it would become lawful in all thestates; old as well as new- north as well as south. In July of 1958, Lincolnchallenged Senator Douglas to a series of seven three-hour, public debates. Thousands of people showed up to watch the Little Giant (Douglas) vs. Long Abe. Douglas fought for white supremacy. He believed the country could endure halffree and half slave. Douglas said whites made this country therefore they shouldrun it. Lincoln wanted equality. During one debate Lincoln said: There is noreason in the world why the Negro is not entitled to all the natural rightsenumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right of life, liberty andthe pursuit of happiness. I hold that he is as much entitled to these as thewhite man. In the end, Douglas won the Senate election by a hair. However,Lincoln did not give up. His debates with Douglas had made him famous acrossIllinois. Lincoln kept debating and got a lot of Republican support. Lincoln gotso much support that the Republicans felt he could win the presidentialelection. So, they tried to get him nominated. The Lincoln-Douglas debates wereincredibly crucial to Lincolns future career. It was this series of debatesthat made Lincoln well known throughout the country. In fact, Lincoln probablywoul d not have won the Presidential Election in 1860 if he hadnt debated withDouglas. Douglas was far better known than Lincoln was throughout the countryand in Illinois. At the Lincoln-Douglas debates people from miles around wouldcome to watch the two men speak in the remote towns of Illinois. Reporters fromaround the nation came and jotted down what the two men said. What was said atthe debates could be read in the newspapers of major cities the very next day. It was Lincoln-Douglas debates that first gave Lincoln nation wide publicity. Lincoln probably would not have ended up in the White House if it had not beenfor these debates. PRESIDENCY PRE-CIVIL-WAR At the Illinois RepublicanConvention in May 1860 Lincoln was chosen as the Republicans favoritePresidential Candidate. One week later at the National Republican Convention,Lincoln was nominated on the third ballot. Lincoln was running against twoDemocrats Stephen Douglas of Illinois, and John C. Breckenridge, a southernDemocrat from Kentucky. On Election DayNovember 6, 1860Lincoln won theelection with 1,866,000 votes. He carried every Northern State. Southernershated this black Republican and his name did not appear on any southernballots. Douglas got 1,377,000 votes and Breckenridge received 850,000. If theDemocratic Party had not split Lincoln would not have been elected. Douglas andBreckenridges votes combined were more than the total number of votes forLincoln. So, if Breckenridge hadnt run, almost all Democratic votes wouldhave gone to Douglas. I also believe , that if Douglas were elected, a civil warwould not have broken out. Douglas believed the nation could endure half-freehalf slave. He did not feel strongly about slavery. Unlike Lincoln, Douglas didnot care if slavery spread through America. If it werent for Lincoln slaverycould have spread into new states and territories. It was Lincolns boldnessagainst slavery that created nation wide freedom in America. As soon as Lincolnwas elected some southern states threatened to secede from the Union. The Southhated Lincoln. An Atlanta newspaper said, Let the consequences be what theymay the south will never submit such humiliation and degradation as theinauguration of Abraham Lincoln. And so, sure enough, in December, the slavestate South Carolina seceded from the Union. During the next three months beforeLincolns inauguration, seven more slave states seceded from the Union andformed the Confederate States of America with their capital in Richmond,Virginia. In February, Senator Jefferson D avis of Mississippi became thepresident of the Confederacy. On the 4th of March 1861, Lincoln was sworn intooffice. In his inaugural address Lincoln told the people he would not tamperwith slavery in the states where it already existed. I have no purpose,directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in thestates where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have noinclination to do so. Little did the people know what Lincoln was going todo. He later said in his address In your the American people hands, mydissatisfied countrymen, and not mine is the momentous issue of civil war.Lincoln went on to say he would do everything he could to preserve, protect,and defend the Union. THE CIVIL WAR Lincoln believed the Union could be savedwithout any blood. However, On April 14, 1861 Fort Sumter, at the entrance tothe Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, was taken over by the Confederacy. Thelong Civil War had begun. The Union had claimed the loyalty o f 23 states, 22million people. It was had an industrial economy which could produce rifles,cannons, shoes and everything else an army might need quickly. One thing,however, which the factories could not produce was good generals. Throughoutmost of the Civil War this would be a constant problem. The Confederacy had 11states, 9 million people of which almost four million were slaves. Its economywas agricultural. Unlike the Union, the Confederacy held a monopoly ofmilitary talent. (LPB 73) Soldiers also knew the land on which the war wasfought and had acquired military skills from hunting. Lincoln decided he neededto keep other countries from helping the confederacy. So, he set up navalblockades in Confederate ports. Then, Lincoln launched three major offensives:One into Virginia, another into Tennessee, and a third to take control of theMississippi River. He gave General George B. McClellan control of easternarmies. McClellan trained his men very carefully but took a long time doing i t. Famous people with mental illnesses EssayGrant had been winning decisive victories. The day after the battle ofGettysburg, Grant had taken control of the last important Confederate strongholdon the Mississippi, Vicksburg. Early in 1864, Lincoln appointed Grant as thecommander in chief of all Union armies. Together, Lincoln and Grant came up witha master plan to finally beat the Rebels. They planned to launch coordinateoffensives against the Confederacy from all directions. In the East, Grant wouldattack Lee in Virginia, driving towards the rebel capital, Richmond. In the westGeneral Sherman would go from Tennessee into Georgia, capturing Atlanta whichwas, at the time, a crucial railway center for the rebels. From there, Shermanwould go towards Virginia, squeezing the Confederacy and eventually taking overtheir capital. Lincoln was hopeful. Grant is the first general I have had. You know how it has been with all the rest. They wanted me to be the general. Iam glad to find a man who can go ahead without me. In May 1864 the offensivebegan. Grant marched down to Virginia but was met my Lees newly rebuilt armyin a densely wooded area call the Wilderness. Grant fought three major battlesnear Richmond but still could not take the city. During Grants Wildernesscampaign roughly 54,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded. Things werebetter for Sherman. After a long siege at Atlanta the city fell and wasevacuated. Shermans men then went into the city and destroyed everything thatcould be used by the South for war. Sherman then marched through Georgia ruiningeverything in his path: crops, houses, livestock etc. Meanwhile, Grant wasslowly taking hold of Richmond. By November the end of the war was in sight forthe Union. In the election of 1864 recent Union victories gave Lincoln muchsupport and sure enough, Lincoln was reelected on November 8, 1865. He had wonby almos t half a million votes out of some four million cast. Lincoln felt heshould now, after winning the election, push for a Constitutional Amendmentpermanently outlawing slavery everywhere in the United States. Lincoln pressuredanti-abolition Congressmen who apposed the amendment in the winter of 64. Finally, on January 31, 1865 Congress passed the 13th Amendment to theConstitution outlawing slavery within the United States, or any place subjectto their jurisdiction. On March 4, 1865 Lincoln was sworn into office. In hisaddress he denigrated slavery, calling it a hateful and evil practice. He saidthat now that slavery had been abolished it was time for healing. However,Lincoln said he did not feel malice towards Southerners. Even as Lincolnspoke, the Union victory machine was in action. Sherman marched up the coastcapturing the city of Savannah. Then, he moved up towards Virginia and on hisway captured Charleston, South Carolina. Then on April 2, after a long siege,the Confederate capital, Richmond, was evacuated and the Confederate governmentwas moved to their new capital in Danville, Virginia. The next day Union troopsmoved in to officially take control of the city. Then, on April 9, 1865 Lee andGrant met with their armies at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. There, Grantaccepte d Lees surrender. Lees men then lay down their weapons, thus,ending the long Civil War. The Civil War had lasted almost four years. More than600,000 United States men had died. Thats more than the total number of liveslost from every war the U.S has fought in combined. Neither side had expectedthe war to last as long as it did or for the war to put an end to slavery. Afterthe Civil War, many friends of President Lincoln were worried about the safetyof his life. He had been receiving threats of assassination in the mail andeveryone knew how much hate there was towards Lincoln, especially from theex-Confederates. So, bodyguards, cavalry escorts, and even troops camping out onthe White House lawn protected Lincoln as best they could. However, all theprecautions failed. On, the night of April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wifeattended the theater. Then, in the third act John Wilkes Booth came into thePresidents box and shot Lincoln in the head. Doctors rushed to try and savethe wounded Presi dent. However, on the morning of April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincolndied in his bed at the age of 56. Lincolns funeral was held in the East Roomof the White House on April 19, 1865. After his funeral a long processioncarried the President to the Capital Building. On the 21st a funeral trainbrought Lincoln to his final resting-place in Springfield, Illinois. A GREATCOMMANDER WHO HANDLED SLAVERY WELL In the Civil War, Lincoln was a greatcommander. For most of the war he had trouble finding a good commander to run acampaign in the East. So, Lincoln was forced to almost single handedly head theUnion campaign in the East. Early in the war, Lincoln could rely on the goodstrategic advice of his general in chief, Winfield Scott. Scott had proposed theAnaconda Plan. In his plan, Scott wanted to blockade the Southern coastand take control of the Mississippi squeezing the Confederacy and isolating themcompletely. Lincoln agreed with his plan but wanted to go further. He wanted theUnion to take more of an offensive. So, he tightened the blockade and called formore troops. In this sense Lincoln was ruthless. Later, towards the end of thewar, Lincoln, with the help of General Grant devised the plan that crushed therebellion. Today, when we think of Lincoln, the fact that he was a goodcommander doesnt stand out in our minds. However, after carefully lookingover his bold, decisive actions in the Civil War I realized that he was indeed agreat commander. Lincoln handled slavery very well. Even though he was morallyagainst slavery he was careful in dealing with it. His handling of slavery suitsRoosevelts saying, Walk softly and carry a big stick. In the electionof 1860 Lincoln knew he had to have minimal enemies. So, as to not anger anypro-slavery voters Lincoln said he would not tamper with slavery in states inwhich it already existed. When Lincoln was inaugurated he said the same thing. He did this to try and keep America out of a Civil War. However, many slavestates felt they needed to expand slavery. In order to do so they needed to getout of Lincolns domain. Once slave states started seceding Lincoln knew hehad to crush the rebellion, but keep the border slave states loyal. So, Lincoln,once again, promised he would not take away their slavery. By doing this he kepta lot of Union support. Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation raised a lot ofanti-war feelings. Before announcing his plan he consulted politicians from theloyal slave states to make sure they approved. In his original plan Lincoln wasgoing to start emancipation in loyal states. However, after listening to theviews of a Kentucky Congressman Lincoln found that the border slave states wouldbe infuriated if they became free states. At that point, when Lincoln waswriting the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union was being beaten right and leftand could not afford to lose the loyalty of the border states. Throug hout thewar Lincoln had the support of Republicans. However, after the EmancipationProclamation was released many neutral and pro-war people became critical ofLincoln and the war. To control these Copperheads Lincoln declared martial lawin certain parts of the country. In this sense he carried a big stick.After Lincoln won the election of 1864 he decided it was time to push forwardwith emancipation. If his actions had been too strong before the election hewould have lost a lot of votes. So, that winter Lincoln started stronglypressing for the 13th Amendment, outlawing slavery permanently. Lincolnstiming for the amendment was impeccable. Also, to ensure two-thirds vote in thehouse, Lincoln asked an Ohio congressman to get three doubtful Democratic votesfor the 13th Amendment by bribing the doubtful voters with certain positions inoffice and other areas that Lincoln had influence over. The greatest thingLincoln ever did was handle slavery so well. He appeased the border states bynot t aking away slavery in their states and in that sense he walkedsoftly. He had to deal with the Copperheads with an iron fist and in thatsense Lincoln carried a big stick. In general Lincoln is an American herobut he is most famed and rightfully famed for the freeing of slaves. INCONCLUSION Lincoln was one of the best Presidents, if not the best, in Americanhistory. In his era, Lincoln was viewed by some as dictator and a tyrant. However, over time the American people have come to recognize and appreciatewhat Lincoln has done more and more to the extent of the Lincoln Memorial andhis face on Mount Rushmore. He governed the country at possibly the mostcritical time in the United States history, a time when the very existence ofAmerica was at stake. We were lucky to have Lincoln in office during that time. He has affected the world today more than any other man in that century. Hehandled slavery extremely well and was a great commander. His speaking abilityengrossed audiences throughout his career. He died because of what he believedin and he will never be forgotten. I personally, believe that Abraham Lincolnwas the finest President this country has ever had.

Kim Dae Jung-Letting the Sun Shine In free essay sample

The following paper discusses Kim Dae Jungs history and examines the reasons for his winning the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize. This paper examines Kims strategy of trying to bring North Korea and South Korea closer and of trying to make the North more open. In addition the strategys chances for success are also discussed. From the paper: Kim seems to have a good as chance as anyone is likely to to thaw the relationships between the two countries that were sundered at the end of the Korean War and in many ways still remain trapped by the kind of tensions that once enveloped much of the globe during the Cold War. His history of trying to move his country gently but firmly into the future dates from his rise to being a prominent opposition leader during the tenure of President Park Chung Hee. In 1997 he became the South Korean first opposition leader to win election to his countrys presidency. We will write a custom essay sample on Kim Dae Jung-Letting the Sun Shine In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ?

Secularism, fundamentalism and Sectarianism as causes of war Essays

Secularism, fundamentalism and Sectarianism as causes of war Essays Secularism, fundamentalism and Sectarianism as causes of war Essay Secularism, fundamentalism and Sectarianism as causes of war Essay Secularism is a term used to mean that certain issues or practices of religious nature should exist separately from other public or private settings.   Therefore, in this argument, it entails a matter of promoting secular ideas in public and private settings. In other words, it can be said that it is a way of avoiding to impose a religious belief to the citizens of a country by the government, especially in a neutral state. In fundamentalism, it is a religious movement that primarily believes and professing completely in the bible. They support reading of the bible and strictly following what has been read to the latter. The followers of this message believe that acceptance of the message means a virtue in life and to have eternal life in heaven, and rejection of the message implies leading to path that will take one to be tortured in hell. When talking about sectarianism, it is a strong devotion to a particular kind of religious sect that makes followers to prejudice other religions. This is because of the strong belief and trust in their religion being the only correct to be followed. Therefore, the issues of secularism, fundamentalism and sectarianism, have had various conflicts on different nations or among citizens of the same nation leading to war due to different believes that people hold. For instance, India and Pakistan have completely irreconcilable definition of the ideological bases of the state On the one hand, the earlier ideology of the INC carried over into the construction of the Indian state with the political system placed firmly on a constitutional framework of secularism. On the other hand, the state of Pakistan although certainly not designed to be a theocracy owned its very existence to the concept that religion can (and should) serve as the basis for political sovereignty and political identity The competing states ‘upped the ante’ for the two states when it came to territorial disputes, (Cashman Robinson 2007 pp 216). Pakistan’s aim was to prove that religion could be a legitimate source of state identity. For India, if Bangladesh’s successful guest for independence from Pakistan meant prove of religious based state legitimacy, then it could have brought an interest superiority of the secular culture. (Cashman Robinson 2007 pp 216). And if Kashmir had integrated into India, it would have led to reinforcement of the triumph of secularism over religious particularism. These two religious states therefore had a strong struggle to win the inspiring of their ideologies on Kashmir and thus led to unending struggle. Therefore, by â€Å"permitting Pakistan to absorb Kashmir would have signaled the triumph of one ideology and the defeat of the other. By acquiescing in Kashmir’s conquest, India would have for all practical purposes conceded Pakistan’s claim to the loyalty of all Muslims in the sub-continent† (Cashman Robinson, 2007 pp 216). These conflicts continued and in 1967, Pakistan launched war against India. These attack although were utter failure, as India had anticipated war and thus had her military ready. â€Å"As a result of the war, Bangladesh gained its long sought independence. A desperately poor but very proud country, Bangladesh jealously guarded its sovereignty and independence in the face of India pressure to accept the role of a quasi-client state of India’s (Cashman Robinson, 2007 pp 263). There have been fights in various nations also as a result of fundamentalism ideologies. This was experienced in the war of the Iraqis and the Iranians. The Iraqis were against the fundamentalism ideas of the Iranians. There were also â€Å"other Arab states in the region [who] felt equally threatened by Islamic fundamentalism in Iran†, (Cashman Robinson, pp 280). These threats made countries like the Saudi Arabia and Iraq to cooperate so as to counter the fundamentalism threat from Iran. This cooperation led to the invasion of Iran in 1980 by the Iraqis with the support from the Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The Iraqi government was opposed to the Shi’a Muslims in Iran and this was the cause for the conflictual interaction between the two states. The Iraq government used several ways of cracking down the Shi’a political activities in Iran. For instance, there was the crack down of the Shi’a leaders and the other and the dissident members of al Daawa. On the other hand the Shi’a Masses were offered with economic enticement and development assistance so as they can change their religious stand. Finally, war broke out between Iran and Iraq. Iraq spearheaded her war against Iran by destroying the air capabilities of Iran.   Iraq bombed 10 airfields of Iran, while Iran was only able to respond with two divisions of its own, (Cashman Robinson, 2007 pp 291). Religions identity has a big influence on people’s life. It gives the believers a sense of belonging to a community, defining a pattern of belief and morals. These religious identities can at a time cause problems. It can be used for justifying sectarianism and in the extreme violence and ethnic cleansings (Crawford Rositter, 2006 pp 193). England is one country that experienced conflict arising due to those who believe in catholic ideologies, Protestants and Dissenters. According to Marshal (2006), Hostility towards protestant dissenters was especially strong against Baptists, repeatedly excoriated as Anabaptists and against Quakers who were seen as having turned the world upside down in the revolution by their challenges to hierarchies in family church and state by refusal of oaths, address to others as ‘thee’ and ‘thou’, allowance of preaching against luxury and corruption†, (Pp 95). There were laws that were passed to deal with non conformity which saw many dissenters being fined, imprisoned and become financially ruined. The laws also led to many Protestants and dissenters being killed for their faith. In the end, it led to rebellious acts by the Protestants, which erupted to civil wars and revolutions against the catholic rule. For instance, in the seventh century, the Protestants took up arms against their ruler in significant part on the basis of a perceived religious duty to reform the religion of the church of England from its allegedly ‘heretical’ tendencies to ‘popery’ and ‘Arminism’ leading to a teeming liberty of protestant sectarianism and execution of their king, Charles I† (Marshal, 2006 pp266). Rulers of other nations also who become protestants were excommunicated by the pope, deported and assassinated. Therefore, looking at secularism, fundamentalism and sectarianism, it is neither possible nor easy to say that the war will end or is nearly ending. This is because there are still many fights taken place all over the world, despite the enlightenment in the current society. For instance, the current fundamentalism of the Muslim religion is being felt all over the world. The war in Iraq, Lebanon, India and parts of Africa are a clear sign of the unending war. The current war among different human communities is not only for materialistic gain as happened with the World War I II and the cold war. But it is a war that represents spiritual self-defeat of man .As Horowitz (2007) argues, â€Å"as long as Christian values remain in the shadows of scientific advance, peace will be impossible to reach, secularism is the ultimate heresy the root cause of war†, (pp28). It has also been argued that the intervention of the war that has been going in countries like Iraq by the united state has due to taking advantage of the historic sectarian differences. Taras (2006) argued that â€Å"western intervention in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Iraq were intervention in states with pre existing ethnic and sectarian cleavages†, (Para. 3). Also the unending war is culminated by the various stands of different groups of fundamentalists. For instance, as â€Å"most self described Christian fundamentalists are united by their agreement on the nine principles that first defined the movement, Sunni and Shi’a fundamentalist have shared few theological or political principles†, (Levine 2007, Para 9). Levine still explains that â€Å"al- Qaeda’s leadership seeks to unite all Muslims and establish a government, which follow the rule of Caliphs The only way to establish the caliphate is by force†, (Para 10). This means that the al â₠¬â€œQaeda has to overthrow all the Muslim governments and abolish the state boundaries. In such a case, there shall never be end to these wars, as each group will be standing its ground. nbsp;

What's a good solution to the problem of bullying Stopping Mean Girls Essay

What's a good solution to the problem of bullying Stopping Mean Girls From Taking Over the Playground - Essay Example Both authors agree that the problem is made worse by parents who enable their daughters and take pride in their being â€Å"top dog† in schools and the playground. These parents are actually missing the point. Their daughters are not growing up to be empowered individuals because they do not live in a world where a check and balance exists with punishements for grevious acts such as playground or school bullying that leads another little girl to take her own life. Mean girl bullying is a real problem that has yet to find a workable solution. Through this paper, I would like to present certain suggestions as to how the problem might be best dealt with with or without the cooperation of the parents of the bully / mean girl. According to Jessica Bennett, the problem of mean girl behavior has gotten so out of hand lately that, due to the fact that it has already caused the deaths of a number of young girls through suicide, authorities should consider turning bullying resulting in death into a crime. Maybe with a punishment of 10 years in jail (Bennett, Jessica â€Å"From Lockers to Lock-Up†). Due to the behavior of the girls involved in the Pheobe Prince case, she might be suggesting an action that makes sense. However, before judgement is passed upon the mean girl, one should first look at the history of the mean girl in order to find out if she is merely acting out or actually beyond help. Maybe the relational agression that is being displayed has something to do with the family life of the girl. According to sources at the website KidsHealth, most bullies come from: ... families where everyone is angry and shouting all the time. They may think that being angry, calling names, and pushing people around is a normal way to act. Some bullies are copying what they've seen someone else do. Some have been bullied themselves (â€Å"Dealing with Bullies†). Taking a cue from that statement, it is important for school authorities, specially the guidanc e counselors to keep an open line of communication with the mean girls or bullies in order to determine the source of aggression. Since women are more docile in nature, even when with peers of her own age, and tend to be more influenced by their mothers actions, it is quite possible that the victim and mean girl are acting out roles based upon their own mother's actions and advice. In which case, it is important to inform the girls about the repercussions of their actions and the fact that no girl is expected to act in the same manner as their mothers. The school authorities should also ensure that anti-bullying programs are in place in school as well. Perhaps reimposing classes in good manners and right conduct are in order. Such classes teach students the proper way to treat one another and their elders as opposed to the â€Å"Kardashian† type of treating one another or even the â€Å"Gossip Girl† type of friendships. Since most of these girls are easily influenced b y the entertainment media, most specially the reality shows, they should be taught to tell the difference between reality and â€Å"entertainment reality† â€Å"Growing Old Younger† may be the hip word among the girls these days but just because they know how to act mature does not mean they are mature. They are totally unprepared for real life and think that by play acting, in the same manner that the television shows portray, they are actually aging faster (Paul, Pamela â€Å"The Playground Gets Even Tougher†). The Girl Scouts of America actually have an anti-bullying program that could benefit the public and private schools called â€Å"Be a Friend First† (BFF). This program teaches young girls to stand up for one another with bullies and encourages them to become part of the solution to the mean girl problem by using tools that

A Rhetorical Analysis of the Public Argument Essay

A Rhetorical Analysis of the Public Argument - Essay Example Public argument is a discussion which is for or against something. In most cases it is aimed at changing how the public views something. It therefore needs a speaker who passes a message and an audience which receives the message and acts on it appropriately. This essay will bring out a typical a rhetorical analysis of the public argument. The essay will base its discussion on the video â€Å"engl08† by Na Du, who tries to educate the general public on the effects of disposing plastic material in the oceans. The essay also illustrates how to deeply analyses how pathos is used in a persuasive public speaking. The pollution of oceans by plastic has remained an issue that has lacked a solution for centuries. Conservation of oceans just like any other environment has been ignored for long. They have left to pollutants and it seems like there are not environmentalists to protect them from pollution. The pathos concept is mostly used in this video. Pathos is the emotional factor that touches people in either good or bad way. The pathos appeal in this video is the most prevalent and to a greater extent, it stimulates emotions from the audience (Johnstone and Eisenhart 76). The video does a great when it comes to bringing out the emotions of the audience as it makes the audience feels really connected in one way or another. Na Du, in her video, she tries to catch the attention of the audience as well as convincing it to refrain from polluting oceans because the consequences are not good. The video starts off by grabbing the attention of the audience. Na Du’s video grabs the attention of the audience by using â€Å"Save creature! Reduce the production of plastic† as an opening line of her video. In this case, she typically uses pathos. The reason why the audience would get emotional on watching this part is self-explanatory in that she makes

The Pan American Road Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pan American Road - Research Paper Example By this time, after the industrial revolution, it had become clear that the two American continents not only needed to be connected but that they also needed to be have a good network of roads which would connect economically strategic points all over the two continents. The idea was however for development of a single route rather than a network of roads. It was however only until On 29 July 1937 that the United States and eleven countries from South American country managed to sign a convention that would help in each of the countries doing their part in the completion of the highway. By 1950, Mexico finished its portion of the highway and became the first state from the South American continent to finish its portion of the Pan American Road. The rest of he states also cleared their portions later and the highway was completely. However, the highway lacks uniformity because there were no clear standards to help in making sure that the road will have the same standards. Roads Previo usly In Place along the Current Pan Am Route While the Pan American Highway was an idea on its own, most of the roads which today constitute the Pan American Highway were already there and existed way before the countries agreed to build the Pan American Highway. ... As the Pan American Highway joins Canada, it becomes highway 97 which again becomes US highway 97 as it joins the main continental USA. The Pan American Highway can therefore be seen as having come to replace already existing states. The idea of the Pan American Highway therefore only came to reinforce an already existing idea as some of these roads were already in existence. However, the ideas were supposed to help in standardizing roads across two the continents. Whether this was an achievement that has been a source of discussion with some arguing that the idea of a Pan American Highway has failed drastically. How it was developed (construction efforts throughout the different countries, costs, workers) Each state was required to finance its construction of its portion of the Pan American Road. However, some states got partial financing from other states within the Pan American association. For instance, Panama got partial financing of the construction of the Pan American Road fro m United States of America. In Panama, for instance the cost of construction amounted to twenty million, five of which was provided by the United States of America. However, the cost of construction for the highway cannot be clearly established due to the fact that some of these roads already existed even before the official Pan American Road. In every country, the construction was done mainly by the local population from which labour resources were gained. However, those countries which did not have the right technology had to depend on those which had more advanced technology in order to gain this technology needed for the same. What It Was Made Of As already discussed, there were no specific standards which were supposed to be looked at in order to make sure that

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston The theme of finding one s own personal voice is the central aim of Kingston in her memoir The Woman Warrior. She makes various references to the physical and emotional struggle of this aim throughout the text by exploring the silence of the women in her family and Chinese culture. By adding her experience as a Chinese-American woman she discovers her voice. Kingston uses autobiography to create identity and therefore breaks out of the silence that has bound her culturally to discover a resonant voice of her own (Wong 58). Kingston supplies a voice to many voiceless women enabling them to discover their identities as individuals. In The Woman Warrior, Kingston utilises her different voices to depict the stories of her ancestors. Through these stories told to her by her mother and her aunt, she is able to express a part of her which her own experiences cannot explain as a Chinese-American female. Her memoir is an intensely autobiographical work, yet her first person presence ranges from constant to, at times, almost non-existent. Overall , throughout the five chapters of The Woman Warrior, there is a movement from the theme of silence in the first line of the first chapter You must not tell anyone to a voice in the final line and the last chapter It translated well (Hong Kingston 3, 209). For Kingston, silence equates to a lack of voice, which she associates with the loss of identity as a woman, which is her main aim of the text. However, she is also aware of the risks involved in asserting independence from her own Chinese community. This idea is explored in the first chapter of the memoir, No Name Woman , where Kingston s aunt acted against her community s standards of suitable behaviour and the villagers punished her for acting as if she could have a private life, secret and apart from them (Hong Kingston 36-37). However, Kingston fear that in staying silent and not finding her own voice, she risks becoming a substitute for her nameless aunt, who remained silent her entire life. Kingston s anxiety is increased by her mother s warning: Don t tell anyone you had an aunt (Hong Kingston 18). But in writing the No Name Woman story, Kingston reacts against the family imposed silence and tells everyone of her aunt. Her aunt s silence, by refusing to name the father of her child, protects the man and simultaneously oppresses her. Kingston gives a voice to the silence woman by writing the aunt s story and theorising how her aunt became pregnant. In doing this, she removes her aunt s guilt and solidifies her identity as a Chinese-American woman. She feels that to remain silent about her aunt would be the same as rejecting her own sense of self. The theme of silence in the text is also linked to the cross-cultural problems that Kingston comes across throughout her own life. Kingston notes that The Chinese I know hide their names; sojourners take new names when their lives change and guard their real names with silence (Hong Kingston 6). The mention of silence not only refers to the hiding of names but also to the confusion of Chinese culture to first-generation Chinese-Americans. Although the women of traditional Chinese culture do not have voices, the stories and myths that female family members pass onto their daughters may contain subversive messages. For example, in the chapter entitled White Tigers , the legend of the Chinese woman warrior Fa Mu Lan is a constant reminder to young Kingston that women can transcend socially enforced limitations. Kingston discusses how as a child, she imagined herself to be like Fa Mu Lan, who saves not only her family but her community: the villagers would make a legend about my perfect filiality (Hong Kingston 45). It is in this chapter that we see how, even as a child, Kingston dreamt of transcending a life of insignificance. Brave Orchid s story of the woman warrior proves how stories and legends of tradition Chinese culture can create alternative, subversive voices for women who otherwise would spend their life in silence due to the dominance of a patriarchal society. Kingston extends her empowerment of women, by providing them with individualised voices, to her own mother. Brave Orchid, her mother, is effectively voiceless in America as although she has lived in America for many years, she does not speak English. As with all the lives of the women in The Woman Warrior, Kingston vocalises and records her mother experiences. The memoir displays Brave Orchid s sacrifices and distinguishes her from the nameless Chinese women living in America. In the chapter At the Western Palace , Kingston s aunt Moon Orchid, reveals how costly remaining silence can be. Moon Orchid relays the tale of a woman, deserted by her husband, who has completely submitted to the patriarchal view that woman should always remain silent and never question male authority. The voicelessness of s Chinese woman living in a traditionally patriarchal society is shown when the woman reluctantly confronts her Americanised husband and is unable to voice her years of rage and grief: But all she did was open and shut her mouth without any words coming out (Hong Kingston 152). Ironically, her loss of speech is the deciding factor in her husband s decision that she has no place in his American life, stating, I have important American guests who come inside my house to eat You can t talk to them. You can barely talk to me (Hong Kinston 153). However, by Kingston writing Moon Orchid s story in her memoir, she is also providing Moon Orchid with an individual voice. In the final chapter of The Woman Warrior, A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe , Kingston deals with the generational and cultural conflicts as regards the voice of Chinese-American women. Through her American education, Kingston imagines that Americans hear the language of Chinese as chingchong ugly (Hong Kingston 199). In order for a young Kingston to feel even partially accepted by her American peers, she retracts her voice: We American-Chinese girls had to whisper to make ourselves American-feminine (Hong Kinston 172). However, even as a child, Kingston is aware of the consequences of being without a voice. She describes the hatred she felt for another Chinese girl who refused to speak and how she physically bullied the girl to make her talk. Her hatred for the unspeaking girl is highlighted be her similarity to the girl. The young Kingston fears becoming like this silent girl, who functions as Kingston s alter ego. In this last chapter, Kingston simultaneously questions the customs of the Chinese and the indirect way in which the Chinese speak through observing their code of silence towards Americans regarding their cultural origins and history. This lack of a voice further marginalises Kingston and other first-generation Chinese-Americans as during Kingston s discovery of her voice; she resists putting herself in a state of submission but does, however, purposely present herself poorly to her peers. In Kingstons final look at her past, she tells the story of the poet Ts ai Yen to represent the possibilities of two cultures coming together harmoniously. Kingston identifies with Ts ai Yen s strength in expression and sees them both as women warriors symbolically fighting to link the cultural gap between America and China. In conclusion, Kingstons different voices culminate to constitute the voice of her own subjectivity, to emerge from a past dominated by stories told to her into a present articulated by her own storytelling (Wong 59). The writing of The Woman Warrior, an outlet for her to explore her past, becomes Kingston s remedy for silence her way of discovering her own personal voice and a place as a Chinese-American woman in society.

The Things They Carried :: essays research papers

In Tim O'Brien's 'The Things They Carried'; detailed description and realism were used to capture the audience and draw them into the actual events in the story, allowing them to feel the burden of emotional and physical weight on the characters, who were fighting to preserve their sanity and lives. The vivid detail and realistic narration were only tools used by the author to prepare a story that goes beyond the war in Vietnam, focusing on the other things that soldiers carried - inner thoughts, feelings, and emotions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story was brought to life by the realistic but disjointed narration of the author, illustrated by returning to the death of Ted Lavender throughout the story. Someone who had actually experienced similar events could only write the story with such detail. The repetitive narration describing the accumulation of things they carried eventually had meaning. This was the way their lives had become, step by step, ounce by ounce. The repetition reached a climax when the author revealed the heaviest of all the things they carried, 'They carried all the emotional baggage of men who might die'; (paragraph 77).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters in the story were First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and Martha, a college student who wrote to him. The story flowed from beginning to end, characterizing the changes in Jimmy Cross as he dealt with his emotions as well as the responsibility to the men in his platoon. In the beginning of the story he was depic ted as a Jones 2 boyish leader with dreams of Martha being his escape from the senseless reality of the war. When one of his men was killed he accepted the responsibility and guilt, which changed him into the leader he thought he should have been – forgetting Martha and protecting his men. This plot linked together all the actions and events that happened in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tim O'Brien used third-person point of view to tell the story. The omniscient angle of vision enabled him to reveal the thoughts and actions of all the characters. He graphically illustrated this when describing the 'freedom birds'; they dreamed about, taking them away while on guard at night (paragraph 81). There were many similar examples throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main idea of the story was well defined by literary critic Joanne McCarthy when she wrote, 'Pranksters must become killers, dreamers must become realists – or someone dies'; (McCarthy par.

Candide Characters Essay

In Candide, the character called Pangloss is believed to be a parody of philosophers who spent their time idly wondering about the world or debating points that have no real significance to life situations.   For instance, Pangloss keeps on saying that the world is good despite all of the misfortunes that have befallen him. Many experts believe that Voltaire was also making fun at G.W. von Leibniz, a seventeenth-century philosopher who was part of a greater movement called theodicy.   This school of thought explains that evil exists in the world because they serve particular purposes.   That even if the world is perfect because it was created by a perfect God, it is necessary to allow evil to happen.   It’s clear that Voltaire does not believe, like how philosophers did, that there is an inherent goodness in everything and that everything happens for a reason, even the bad ones. Setting: The nobility of France In this play, the setting could be defined as the society, which is present at that time.   In other words, some members of the nobility of France were part of Candide’s life, like Cunegonde and her brother.   One example wherein Voltaire poked fun at this class is when he related that the baron’s sister didn’t marry Candide’s father because he only had â€Å"seventy-one noble lineages.† Action: Jacques Death Jacques, a good man who helped Candide and Pangloss, fell on a turbulent sea as he was rescuing a sailor.   The sailor, instead of helping Jacques to get back to the ship ignored the poor man, which resulted to his death.   In this example, it would seem that Voltaire is parodying the Christian preaching of good overcoming evil.   Here, Jacques did a good deed and was a good man but he died because of it.   To add to the mockery, Pangloss even said that the sea outside Lisbon was specifically created so that Jacques could drown in it. Works Cited Arouet, Francois-Marie.   â€Å"Candide by Voltaire.† Courier Dover Publications, 1991. Ward, Selena, and Jaffee, Valerie.   â€Å"Candide.†Ã‚   Sparknotes Home Page.   21 July 2008

Ultimate Guide to Pre-Law 13 Tips to Prepare for Law School

Ultimate Guide to Pre-Law 13 Tips to Prepare for Law School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to be a lawyer? In the United States, you need to graduate from a 4-year college and then go to law school if you want to practice law. What is the best way to prepare for law school? What should you be doing in your undergraduate years to make yourself the most competitive applicant? In this article, I'll tell you about the best pre-law majors and explain what you need to do to get into the law school of your dreams. What Does Pre-Law Mean? The term â€Å"pre-law† refers to any course of study by an undergraduate college student to prepare for law school. A few colleges have a specific pre-law major for those students who intend to go to law school, but you can major in any subject and still enter law school, as long as you successfully complete college and get a bachelor’s degree. There are no specific courses you have to take to be admitted to law school. Therefore, pre-law is much different than pre-med, because medical schools require students to complete a number of prerequisites during their undergraduate education to be admitted to medical school. However, there are other requirements to getting into law school, like taking the LSAT, that we'll discuss later in this article. Should You Major in Pre-Law? Overall, we don't recommend that anyone major in pre-law, even if you're certain you want to be a lawyer. While you may think you should definitely pick a legal major if you want to go to law school, there are significant drawbacks of majoring in pre-law. Pre-Law Isn’t Viewed as a Challenging Major Law schools, like top colleges, want to admit students who have been able to excel in challenging courses and difficult subjects, and pre-law isn’t considered a difficult major. While your GPA is a critical component of your law school applications, a 4.0 in mechanical engineering is more impressive to a law school than a 4.0 in pre-law. Law schools tend to think it's not as challenging to get good grades in pre-law than in most other majors. Similar majors like legal studies and criminal justice are considered easier majors, too. However, if you’re able to get excellent grades and a high LSAT score, you can still demonstrate your competence as a pre-law major. Furthermore, you can show you're challenging yourself more as a pre-law major by writing a thesis or taking on additional academic research. Law schools don't want you to take the easiest path. Most Top Colleges Don’t Have a Pre-Law Major Even if you have your heart set on majoring in pre-law, very, very few colleges offer it as a major. Additionally, most of the schools that do offer it aren't ranked very high among national colleges and universities. This ties back to our first point, that pre-law just isn't seen as a great major to have. Most colleges emphasize traditional academic subjects and don’t offer many pre-professional majors like pre-law. They stress scholarship over job preparation, so most choose not to offer pre-law as a major. Law Schools Want to Admit Well-Rounded Classes Law schools strive to admit students from a variety of backgrounds and majors. Believe it or not, math and science majors tend to have extremely high admission rates to law school. Partially, this could be because those students who would choose to major in math or science and opt to go to law school are more academically gifted than the typical law school applicant. But it's also because these types of applicants are much rarer. For example, since there aren’t many STEM majors who choose to go to law school, it can be a huge advantage to apply to law school with a STEM degree. Knowledge in almost any subject can be helpful in the legal profession because there are so many different types of lawyers. If you’re extremely well-versed in ecology, law schools may view you as a potentially great environmental lawyer. If you’re an expert in chemistry, you might make an exceptional lawyer for a drug company. On the other hand, majoring in pre-law won’t help you stick out as an applicant, and it’s not as difficult for law schools to find applicants who majored in pre-law. You can study science and become a lawyer. Benefits of Pre-Law Majors Nonetheless, if you feel strongly that you want to major in pre-law, these programs do offer some potential benefits. Many students enter law school after graduating college because they’re unsure of what they want to do, and they’re just trying to delay joining the "real world." Law schools would rather admit students who have a genuine interest in the justice system, because these students are more likely to have a positive impact in the field of law in the future. By majoring in pre-law, you’re demonstrating that you’ve been committed to becoming a lawyer for years. A good pre-law program should also give you an advantage when you enter law school. For example, law schools generally teach by using the Socratic Method, a style of teaching in which the professor asks questions and you learn through classroom discussion. If you become used to this style of teaching during your undergraduate years, you may be better prepared for law school. Additionally, if you’re more knowledgeable about the legal system and how to analyze legal cases prior to law school, you may have a leg up on your peers when law school commences. Finally, many pre-law programs claim that the skills that pre-law students hone and acquire in their classes help them do better on the Legal Studies Aptitude Test, or LSAT, the entrance exam for law school. A higher LSAT score will undoubtedly increase the likelihood that you’ll gain admission to the law school of your choice. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Are the Best Pre-Law Majors? If pre-law itself isn’t a great major, then what is the best major for you if you want to go law school? Well, the short answer is that your major doesn’t have much of an impact on whether or not you gain admission to law school. You’ll give yourself the best chance of getting into the law school of your choice by majoring in a subject you really enjoy. If you like what you’re studying, you’ll get better grades. If you’re trying to decide a major that will best prepare you for law school, then you may want to choose a major that stresses logic, analytical skills, reading comprehension, and writing skills. These are all attributes you need to do well on the LSAT and in law school. Popular pre-law majors that are great preparation for law school include philosophy/classics, economics, political science, history, English, and engineering. What Are the Most Popular Majors of Law School Applicants? Knowing what other law school applicants are majoring in can also help you make your decision. Below is a chart with the ten most popular majors for law school applicants, along with number of applicants, the average LSAT score for that major, and the percentage of applicants admitted to at least one law school. This data comes from the LSAC and is from law school applicants in 2017 and 2018. To help put the LSAT information into context, the LSAT is scored on a scale from 120-180. The average score is about 150. The median score for top 25 law schools is over 160, and for top 10 law schools, it’s over 170. Major Number of Applicants Average LSAT Score % of Applicants Admitted Political Science 11,947 153.6 80% OTHER 4,537 148.4 64% Psychology 3,736 152.5 77% Criminal Justice 3,629 145.9 62% English 3,151 154.8 81% History 3,138 156.3 85% Economics 2,757 159.0 86% Philosophy 2,238 157.2 83% Arts and Humanities 1,947 154.0 77% Sociology 1,870 150.6 71% As you can see, political science is by far the most popular major for law school applicants, however; if you look at the complete data, you'll see that political science majors make up only about one-fifth of all law school applicants, which shows there's a wide distribution in the number of majors that law school applicants have. Economics majors have the highest average LSAT score, as well as the highest acceptance rate into law school. For those interested, there were 660 applicants who majored in pre-law, and they had an average LSAT score of 148 and an acceptance rate of 65%. What Are the Best Pre-Law Schools? It’s incredibly difficult to rank the best colleges for those who wish to go to law school. Generally, you’ll be best prepared for law school by excelling in challenging undergraduate courses that strengthen your analytical skills. Also, at the risk of sounding like a broken record, if your concern is getting into law school, your GPA and LSAT score are the most important factors. However, if two applicants have very similar credentials, the law school may give the nod to the student who attended the more prestigious college. So you should probably be aware of college rankings. For the most part, the aspiring law school student should choose a college the same way the typical college student does. Consider things like selectivity, cost, location, size, and the campus culture. Additionally, you should research the available resources for students who want to go to law school at the colleges you’re considering. Even if a school doesn’t have a pre-law degree, it may offer pre-law advising for those who wish to pursue a legal education. Also, there may be pre-law clubs that offer support, programming, and internship opportunities for pre-law students. You can get into a top law school after graduating from any college. 5 Tips for Preparing for Law School in College All pre-law students should follow this advice. #1: Get Good Grades I keep stressing the importance of a good college GPA because your undergraduate GPA is extremely important to law schools. While many college students have a few semesters when they slack off or settle for mediocrity, you need to maintain a high GPA throughout your undergraduate years. #2: Study Sufficiently for the LSAT The law school admission exam has a reputation for being very challenging. If you know you want to go to law school, give yourself ample time to prepare for the test. Familiarize yourself with the content and format. Do tons of realistic practice problems and questions from actual LSATs. Determine your content weaknesses, and then do enough studying and practice problems to improve your weaknesses. Take at least a few practice LSATs simulating testing conditions to improve your test endurance, work on your time management, and see how close you are to your target score. You can use prep books or classes to help you in your preparation. However, before you purchase any book or sign up for a class, do your research to ensure you're using a high quality book or taking a good class that will adequately prepare you for the exam. There are many subpar prep books and classes out there. #3: Take Classes That Will Help You in Law School Preparing for law school in college doesn’t mean that you should take classes about the legal system. Law schools would rather you take challenging courses that will help you improve your analytical skills and reading comprehension. If you’re a science major, you may want to take English courses so you can practice doing a ton of reading, writing, and analyzing language. If you’re a humanities major, you may want to take economics classes to improve your logic and problem-solving skills. #4: Build Relationships With Professors Law schools will also require letters of recommendation from your professors. Building relationships with your professors will enable you to get better recommendations when you apply to law school. Additionally, your professors can provide mentorship and help you hone your academic skills. #5: Participate in Extracurricular Activities Undoubtedly, you should be doing activities outside of school. You can participate in internships, jobs, or student organizations related to your interests. Law schools do like to see that you’ve shown commitment to and achievement in your extracurricular activities. Some examples of good extracurricular activities include community service, student government, and working for student publications. On your law school applications, you'll have to indicate when you began your extracurriculars and how many hours per week you spend on each activity. It's better to do fewer activities and commit more to them. Furthermore, extracurricular activities can facilitate your personal development and give you a better idea of what you want to do in the future. If you know you want to be a lawyer, your extracurricular activities can help you decide what type of law you want to practice. What's Next? Do you want more information about what you need to do to become a lawyer? Check out our article on how to become a lawyer. Working as part of the judicial system has its perks, but you don't get it all your own way. Find out how the executive branch checks the judicial branch (in the U.S.) here. Are you a high school student? Learn about the college application process so you can get into a great college. Also, learn how to plan for college in 11th, 10th, and 9th grade. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Role of Guest Workers in the American Economy

The Role of Guest Workers in the American Economy The United States has more than a half-century’s experience with dealing with guest-worker programs. The first dates back to the World War II-era Bracero Program that allowed Mexican laborers to come to the U.S. to work on the nation’s farms and railroads.   Simply put, a guest-worker program allows a foreign worker to enter the country for a specified period of time to fill a specific job. Industries with surges in labor needs, such as agriculture and tourism, often hire guest workers to fill seasonal positions. The Basics   A guest worker must return to his homeland after  the term of his temporary commitment has expired.  Technically, thousands of  U.S. non-immigrant visa holders  are guest workers. The government gave out  55,384 H-2A visas  to temporary agriculture workers in 2011, which helped U.S. farmers deal with seasonal demands that year. Another 129,000 H-1B visas went out to workers in â€Å"specialty occupations† such as engineering, math, architecture, medicine and health. The government also gives out a maximum 66,000 H2B visas to foreign workers in seasonal, non-agricultural jobs. The Bracero Program Controversy   Perhaps the most controversial U.S. guest-worker initiative was the Bracero Program that ran from 1942 through 1964. Drawing its name from the Spanish word for â€Å"strong arm,† the Bracero Program brought millions of Mexican workers into the country to compensate for labor shortages in the U.S. during World War II. The program was poorly run and poorly regulated. Workers were often exploited and forced to endure shameful conditions. Many simply abandoned the program, migrating to the cities to become part of the first wave of post-war illegal immigration. The abuses of Braceros provided inspiration for a number of folk artists and protest singers during the period, including Woody Guthrie and Phil Ochs. Mexican-American labor leader and civil rights activist Cesar Chavez started his historic movement for reform  in response to the abuses suffered by the Braceros. Guest-Worker Plans in Comprehensive Reform Bills Critics of guest-worker programs argue that it’s virtually impossible to run them without widespread worker abuses. They contend that the programs are inherently given to exploitation and to  creating an under-class of servile workers, tantamount to legalized slavery. In general, guest-worker programs arent meant for  highly skilled workers or for  those with advanced college degrees. But despite past problems, the expanded use of guest workers was  a key aspect of the  comprehensive immigration reform legislation  that Congress considered for much of the last decade. The idea was to give U.S. businesses a steady, reliable stream of temporary labor in exchange for tighter border controls to keep illegal immigrants out. The Republican National  Committee’s 2012 platform called for creating guest-worker programs to satisfy the needs of U.S. businesses. President George W. Bush made the same proposal in 2004. Democrats have been reluctant to  endorse the programs because of the past abuses, but their resistance waned when faced with President Barack  Obama’s strong desire to get a comprehensive reform bill passed in his second term. President Donald Trump has said that he wants to limit foreign workers.   The National Guestworker Alliance   The National Guestworker Alliance (NGA) is a New Orleans-based membership group for guest  workers. Its goal is to organize workers across the country  and to prevent exploitation. According the  NGA,  the group seeks to â€Å"partner with local workers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  employed and unemployed  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  to strengthen U.S. social movements for racial and economic justice.†

Silvio Berlusconi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Silvio Berlusconi - Research Paper Example These are the personal scandals, but he was also convicted in Italian courts of more serious scandals – tax fraud and wiretapping violations. Yet, Berlusconi managed to always retain power, even after losing power, by regaining it through media manipulation. He virtually owns the media in Italy, so he was able to make the Italian people believe that in his story, the way that he would spin it. Meanwhile, he has tarnished his critics with allegations against them. The media manipulation is apparently still afoot, as Berlusconi, as recently as the February 2013 elections, came within 1% of the popular vote for Prime Minister. This essay will examine Berlusconi’s rise to power, his scandals, and why he still is a popular figure, even after all he has been accused of. Discussion Silvio Berlusconi is one of the most corrupt men to ever assume the mantle of Prime Minister, in Italy or any other place in the world. His origins were humble, however. According to the BBC News (2 013), Berlusconi began his business career selling vacuums and singing on a cruise ship. He graduated from law school in 1961, and, ten years later, he launched a local cable-television outfit, called Telemilano, which grew into Mediaset, which is one of Italy’s biggest media empires. ... not last long, for he lost the 1996 election, amid a collapse of his government, seven months into his term, because, in part, Berlusconi was indicted for tax fraud in a Milan court. He came back into power in 2001, before being defeated again in 2006, then returning to office in 2008 under the People of Freedom party (Profile: Silvio Berlusconi). Berlusconi came to power in 1994 by assuring the Italians that he represented a different kind of leader from what they were accustomed to, according to Donadio & Povoledo (2011). He stated that Italy did not have freedom and was too ruled by the past, in their economics and their social issues. The old political parties, before Berlusconi came to power, were the Christian Democratic Party and the Communist Party, and Berlusconi represented something different than what these two parties were offering. Berlusconi was offering himself as a leader, and his qualifications, according to Donadio & Povoledo (2011) was his immense wealth. He was r e-elected in 2001 because he was able to deliver, to every doorstep, a magazine-sized volume, titled â€Å"An Italian Story† regarding his life. This print offering showcased Berlusconi as a self-made businessman, a family man and a ladies’ man, while showing his love for soccer (Donadio & Povoledo, 2011). Donadio & Povoledo (2011) argue that Berlusconi was popular because he was seen as the sort that the Italian man would admire and want to emulate – somebody who was charismatic, sexually powerful and wealthy. Donadio & Povoledo (2011) state that Berlusconi was able to come to power, and keep power, for another reason – he controlled the media. Because he controlled the media, he controlled how he was portrayed to the people. He began with a broadcasting company, Mediaset, which

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework - 4

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example ice and professional while showing me what I was required to do, the responsibilities that a nurse should observe, and the code of ethics required when dealing with patients among other things. She encouraged and helped me to become a better nurse. However, as soon as I had understood the environment well and known some of the responsibilities that I was given as a nurse student, she started acting differently. She made me do most of her work especially the daily duties that she knew were less likely to be supervised on a regular basis. She sent me to check on her patients, bring her the files and medicine for those patients and sometimes administer medication to them. Sometimes, she even sent me to bring her personal things such as food and snacks. She said that I was returning the favor she did to me when she introduced me to the roles of a nurse in the hospital and that the roles she gave me would help me become a better nurse especially the fact that I was young. I did not like t he way she treated me because she used and manipulated me but I had to do what she wanted because if I did not, she would have written a bad report for me. I felt that the nurse leader did not value me but only used me. According to servant leadership, the issue of purpose for a leader is to help those under him or her be the best they can be and develop both professionally and personally by cultivating an atmosphere that allows the subordinates to do so. However, the nurse leader’s actions were contrary to this observation by servant leadership. Although she helped me grow professionally, she failed to help me develop personally and never cultivated an atmosphere to allow me to develop professionally and personally (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). The issue of purpose in the servant-leader paradigm could have yielded a more beneficial outcome for the leader and yourself in the sense that it could have helped the nurse leader to develop my professional life with humility rather than